Substations are where electricity lines are connected and switched and where the voltage is changed by transformers. They range from the very large to the very small - see below for a guide. But in nearly all cases, the highest field is usually produced by the lines and cables supplying the substation and not by the equipment inside the substation itself. If the substation itself produces a field outside its perimeter, it usually falls away over the first few metres.
We give more detail of the fields from different types of substations. In each case click on the picture for more details of the field it produces.
more on the numbers of substations in the UK
National Grid substations
These are large substations where 400 kV and 275 kV lines are switched and electricity is transformed down to the next voltage, 132 kV.
Intermediate substations
These are like National Grid substations but smaller and transform electricity between 132 kV, 33 kV and 11 kV.
Final distribution substations
These transform the electricity from (usually) 11 kV to the voltage used in the home, 230 V. They come in different types:
Indoor - built into a small building which may look like a garage. The giveaway of the safety sign on the door. This is the one type of substation which can give markedly raised magnetic fields beyond its own confines - click on the picture to see why.
Cabinet - built into a fully-enclosed cabinet.
Outdoors - the separate components are mounted on the ground and enclosed by a metal or wooden fence.
Pole-mounted - the transformer is raised above ground on a wood pole.
