Numerical calculations of induced currents or induced fields need to know the conductivity to assign to each tissue. Most of the work that is done uses a set of tissue conductivities derived from Gabriel 1998, though Gabriel 2009 updates some of these values. The version used by Dimbylow, for example, is as follows. (Conductivity varies with frequency. These are the values for 50 Hz.)
| Tissue |
Conductivity
S m-1 |
|
Air
Adrenals
Bile
Bladder
Blood
Bone (cortical)
Bone (trabecular)
Brain
Breast
Cerebrospinal fluid
Duodenum
Fat
Gall bladder
Heart
Humour
Kidney
Lens
Liver
Lower large intestine
Upper large intestine
Lunch
Lung
Muscle
Oesophagus
Pancreas
Prostate
Sclera/retina
Skin
Small intestine
Spinal cord
Spleen
Stomach
Tendon
Testis
Thymus
Thyroid
Urine |
0.0
0.09
1.40
0.21
0.70
0.02
0.07
0.08
0.06
2.00
1.09
0.04
0.90
0.08
1.50
0.09
0.26
0.07
1.20
1.28
2.00
0.07
0.35
0.52
0.21
0.42
0.50
0.10
1.09
0.03
0.09
0.52
0.27
0.42
0.52
0.52
3.30 |
|
Phys Med Biol. 1996 Nov;41(11):2231-49.
The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey.
Gabriel C, Gabriel S, Corthout E.
Physics Department, King's College, Strand, London, UK.
The dielectric properties of tissues have been extracted from the literature of the past five decades and presented in a graphical format. The purpose is to assess the current state of knowledge, expose the gaps there are and provide a basis for the evaluation and analysis of corresponding data from an on-going measurement programme. |
|
Phys Med Biol. 1996 Nov;41(11):2251-69.
The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz.
Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C.
Physics Department, King's College, Strand, London, UK.
Three experimental techniques based on automatic swept-frequency network and impedance analysers were used to measure the dielectric properties of tissue in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. The technique used in conjunction with the impedance analyser is described. Results are given for a number of human and animal tissues, at body temperature, across the frequency range, demonstrating that good agreement was achieved between measurements using the three pieces of equipment. Moreover, the measured values fall well within the body of corresponding literature data. |
|
Phys Med Biol. 1996 Nov;41(11):2251-69.
The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz.
Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C.
Physics Department, King's College, Strand, London, UK.
Three experimental techniques based on automatic swept-frequency network and impedance analysers were used to measure the dielectric properties of tissue in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. The technique used in conjunction with the impedance analyser is described. Results are given for a number of human and animal tissues, at body temperature, across the frequency range, demonstrating that good agreement was achieved between measurements using the three pieces of equipment. Moreover, the measured values fall well within the body of corresponding literature data. |
