EMFS
EMFs.info
Electric and Magnetic Fields

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 What are EMFs    
| Sources of EMFs   
| The Science    
| The Expert View    
| Related Issues    
| Finding Out More   

What are EMFs

  • Terminology and units
    • Electric Fields
      • Magnetic Fields
        • Measuring EMFs
          • Screening EMFs
            • Adding fields together
              • Radiofrequencies

                The Science

                • Effects at high fields
                  • Induced currents
                    • Effects on equipment
                      • Microshocks
                        • Pacemakers etc
                        • Childhood leukaemia
                          • Key studies
                            • Review groups
                              • Numbers of children affected
                                • Nighttime exposure
                                  • Survival
                                    • Childhood leukaemia and Downs
                                    • Other health effects
                                      • Other childhood cancer
                                        • Breast cancer
                                          • Other adult cancer
                                            • Cardiovascular
                                              • Neurodegenerative
                                                • Reproductive disorders
                                                  • Suicide and depression
                                                    • Hypersensitivity
                                                      • Sleep disturbance
                                                        • Parental exposure
                                                        • Electric fields and ions
                                                          • Industry comments
                                                            • NRPB comments
                                                              • Related issues
                                                              • Agriculture
                                                                • Farm animals
                                                                  • Plants
                                                                    • Bees
                                                                    • Static fields
                                                                      • Studies of health round DC lines
                                                                      • Mechanisms
                                                                        • Energy
                                                                        • Research
                                                                          • Types of research
                                                                            • Epidemiology
                                                                            • Research ethics
                                                                              • UKCCS
                                                                                • The Draper study
                                                                                  • CEGB cohort
                                                                                    • UK electricity industry research
                                                                                      • ENA research programme
                                                                                        • in-house research
                                                                                          • Annual listing of publications
                                                                                          • Non-peer-reviewed science
                                                                                          • Abstracts of papers
                                                                                            • Childhood leukaemia
                                                                                              • The UKCCS
                                                                                                • Draper
                                                                                                  • Suicide and depression
                                                                                                    • Alzheimer's disease
                                                                                                      • Breast cancer
                                                                                                        • The CEGB Cohort
                                                                                                          • Calculating induced currents
                                                                                                          • Exposure limits
                                                                                                            • Comparing EMFs to other issues
                                                                                                              • Smoking
                                                                                                                • Passive smoking
                                                                                                                  • Coffee
                                                                                                                    • Shift work
                                                                                                                      • Cholera
                                                                                                                        • BSE
                                                                                                                          • Comparative risks

                                                                                                                          Legal

                                                                                                                            Sources of EMFs

                                                                                                                            • Overhead power lines
                                                                                                                              • Fields from specific power lines
                                                                                                                                • Summaries of fields from all power lines
                                                                                                                                  • Factors affecting the field
                                                                                                                                    • Current
                                                                                                                                      • Voltage
                                                                                                                                        • Clearance (magnetic field)
                                                                                                                                          • Clearance (electric field)
                                                                                                                                            • Measurement height
                                                                                                                                              • Phasing
                                                                                                                                                • Balance between circuits
                                                                                                                                                  • Balance within circuit
                                                                                                                                                    • Conductor bundle
                                                                                                                                                      • Two parallel lines
                                                                                                                                                      • Calculating and measuring fields from power lines
                                                                                                                                                        • geometries
                                                                                                                                                          • Height above ground
                                                                                                                                                            • The direction of the field
                                                                                                                                                          • Underground power cables
                                                                                                                                                            • Low-voltage distribution
                                                                                                                                                              • UK distribution wiring
                                                                                                                                                                • USA distribution wiring
                                                                                                                                                                  • Interrupted neutral
                                                                                                                                                                    • Size of net currents in UK
                                                                                                                                                                      • House wiring
                                                                                                                                                                      • Substations
                                                                                                                                                                        • National Grid substations
                                                                                                                                                                          • Sealing End compounds
                                                                                                                                                                            • Final distribution substations
                                                                                                                                                                              • numbers of substations
                                                                                                                                                                              • Appliances
                                                                                                                                                                                • Electricity meters
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Traditional meters
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Smart Meters
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Transport
                                                                                                                                                                                      • trains
                                                                                                                                                                                        • cars
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Personal exposure
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Occupational exposure
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Exposure limits
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reducing your exposure
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Static fields

                                                                                                                                                                                                  The Expert View

                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Scientific review bodies
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • WHO
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IARC
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • ICNIRP
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SCENIHR
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • HPA
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • IET
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • NIEHS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • NAS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • California
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Bioinitiative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • UK Government
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Parliamentary Questions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Consent for power lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Europe

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Finding Out More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Links
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EMF instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reviews of EMF science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Official UK bodies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Other countries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • EMF exposure standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Campaign groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Research groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Other organisations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Journals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Bibliographies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cancer and health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Other frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Contacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Other issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wayleaves and easements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety clearance distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • "danger of death" notices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Audible noise
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • GPS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Radio and TV interference
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